Argument Supporting Gay Marriage Essay -- Homosexual Gay Lesbian Right

Lindsey and Beth, a lesbian couple, have been living together for eleven years. Lindsey conceived two children from a spermatozoan donor. Together, Lindsey and Beth turned their house into a loving home for their two children. One day, on the way home from the grocery store, Lindsey was killed in a tragic railway car accident. Before Beth could even grasp the situation, the children that she helped raise from birth had been taken away and placed into the cargon of Lindseys parents, who never were a part of their lives because they did not accept Lindseys homo evokeuality. In addition, the house that Beth and Lindsey lived in for eleven years was taken away from Beth. How did this happen to Beth?Well, if Lindsey and Beth could have been legally married like all heterosexual couples, Beth would have had clutches of the children and would have kept the house. They would have received 1,049 protections, benefits and responsibilities that are extended to married couples under federal law (HRC). Lindsey and Beth are one example of same sex couples that live in 99.3 percent of all counties in the United States (HRC). It is estimated that 10 percent or 25 million people in the United States are homosexuals, and by law they do not have the rights that married heterosexuals enjoy. Ameri piece of ass voters have the power to change the law and prevent the sad story that Beth had to live, by voting yes on referendums in support of gay marriage, and no on bans of gay marriage.The opening scenario of Lindsey and Beth is a dilemma that is becoming more of a substantial situation each day. The fact is that people are forming unions regardless of the law. In all fairness, the people involved in these relationships should have the same legal rights as all other American... ...discriminating against gay marriage. But by voting yes on referendums in support of gay marriage, and no on bans of gay marriage, our society can become one step closer to creating a more fair and just s ociety that supports diversity and accepts people with a different life-style.Works Cited mankind Rights Campaign (HRC). 26 Nov 2006. .Moats, David. Civil Wars a Battle for Gay Marriage. New York Harcourt, Inc., 2004.Rauch, Jonathan. Gay Marriage. New York Henry Holt and Company, LLC, 2004.Robertson, Donald L. Dr. Homosexuality and Genetics. 26 Nov 2006..U.S. Census Figures Continue To yield National Trend. Human Rights Campaign. 27 June 2006. 26 Nov 2006. eleases/20011/U_S_Census_Figures_Continue_To_Show_National_Trend.htm.

MP3s Are Beneficial :: Music Technology Essays

MP3s Are Beneficial With the invention of the com molder came the invention of the internet. That invention of the internet has changed our entire lives and will entire to continue to change our lives. The internet is not always entirely good, but with the availability of information and the newfound ease of confabulation most do not often think of the internet as troublesome. While some find certain aspects of the newest technology harmful, others appreciate the technology and intake it to uncover new leaves. Early perhaps no one had the vision of how the internet would change the entertainment world to the point it has today. The form of email we vex today wasnt in the inventors minds nor everything such as live video broadcasts online. So people sitting in front of a computer downloading and manage auditory sensation files from one another through a mediator was nowhere near the realm of the inventors either. For Shawn Fanning, a 18 year-old college drop-out the vision of sharing songs and other audio frequency files was right down his alley. For days Fanning, whose friends nicknamed Napster, went sleepless while scribbling a code for the file sharing program. Eventually the code for Napster was completed in mid-1999. Napster was to allow its users to sh be mp3 files amongst each other. Mp3s are a compressed form of an audio file that take up much less space than other forms of audio files. A CD potful hold up to 80 minutes of music most of the time, but in mp3 form it can hold up to 10 hours of music or sound, So with advantage of mp3s the popularity of Napster grew amazingly fast and within a year An average of 640,000 people were downloading songs at any given time. But with the popularity came the glaring eye of the Recording Industry Association of American (RIAA). As college students all across America quickly discovered they can hear their favorite musicians or songs within minutes and all it takes is a few clicks of a mouse. Colle ge campuses started to ban the use of Napster as the RIAA was quickly moving to put a strong hold on the file sharing program. The RIAAs position was The record labels, as musicians representatives, have long had legal control of how songs are distributed--and the ability to make money from that distribution.

Resistance as the Byproduct of Separate Spheres :: Essays Papers

Resistance as the Byproduct of Separate SpheresThe history of women in the United States is primarily a study of gender, the social construction of sexual difference, through time. The nineteenth snow stands out as the period when the code of separate gender spheres emerged and yet, already, began to come into question. sociable forces of economic and religious change sculpted gender into a dichotomy differentiated along roughly the same lines as (what we can now submit problematic) divisions between the private/public, emotional/rational, and consuming/producing. Men occupied the privileged side of each binary, relegating women, as a sex, to a gender construct of a series of traits defined in opposition to masculine privilege. During this same century, the ideology of separate spheres was increasingly challenged at many levels by critiques and movements for equal rights, square justice, and particular womens issues. Note first, that as gender is an issue of social construct ion, this construct can only be characterd by particular groups who share social constructs and even then gender is understood in certain limited ways. To accommodate for this and avoid footnoting what may well be entirely clear histories, I will only discuss the gender through time of Northern white women. For this constructed gender, the changes that brought the code of separate spheres, by changing the relationships of the domestic sphere, to a fault brought the most primal challenges to the code, much more so than equal rights in the public sphere could or would accomplish.In order to determine what a fundamental challenge to the code of separate spheres would sound like, it is necessary to determine the nature of the codes existence. Obviously, this code of spheres did not exist somewhere crawling more or less a forest floor, rather it was an ideological tenet of a particular society. This does not mean, however, that it was then understood as simply a belief of virtuos o group of people in one time and place. Instead it was seen as natural and permanent. As Justice Bradwell explained in a late nineteenth century case, the civil law, as well as nature herself, has always recognized a wide difference in the respective spheres and destinies of man and woman (Bradwell v. Illinois, 83 U.S. (16 Wallace) 141 (1872)). Outside of the courtroom, Lydia Sigourney echoed this sentiment in a book targeted for women, exhorting them consider the sphere in which thou art placed, as the one in which God willeth thee to be (Sigourney 109).

Globalizaton Essay -- Economics Economy Papers

Globalization is a term that has become very prevalent in recent times. It is a concept with many differing definitions. Thomas L. Friedman, author of The Lexus and the olive Tree, describes globalization as a movement that enables individuals, corporations, and countries to reach around the globe farther, faster, deeper and cheaper than ever before. Globalization is the cattle farm of free market capitalism to virtually each country in the world. Countries atomic number 18 encouraged to allow free trade, privatization and competition. Basically, it involves worldwide integration of both economic and political ideals. Globalization is becoming more(prenominal) popular and more accessible mainly because of the recent advancements in technology. Many believe it to be a positive phenomenon, while others believe that it is very bad.The rise and spread of globalization has brought along with it many supporters and opponents. Benefits of globalization are that it creates jobs, generat es prosperity, raises standards of living all around the world and much more. When companies do business in other countries more jobs are created. Companies such as Nike, Levis, Coca-cola are constantly building factories in less developed countries, such as Indonesia, Vietnam, Dominican Republic and many more. These factories are providing jobs for thousands of great deal who would otherwise not be able to find work anywhere else. This helps the human rights issue and can be beneficial for the overall sparing of the country as well as the individual. James Robinson, former head of American Express said, I think its helping human rights because what its doing is its giving jobs to people at salary levels that they never had access to before. So in time I think this becomes more self... ...obalization. October 2000The World Trade Organization. www.wto.org Geneva, Switzerland. October 2002Public Broadcasting Service. copy Globalization and Human Rights. www.pbs.org. October 2002Pan ayotou, Theodore. Globalization and Environment CID Working Paper No. 53. July 2000North American Free Trade Agreement. NAFTA A Foundation for Canadas Future Prosperity. http//www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/nafta-alena/over-en.asp Canada. kinfolk 2003FDI Magazine. Egyptian Endeavors. www.fdimagazine.com. December 2003. Hill, Charles. International Business Competing in the Global Marketplace. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005Tseng, Wanda and Zebregs, Harm. Foreign Direct Investment in China Some Lessons for Other Countries. International pecuniary Fund, February 2002.

Joseph Stalin :: essays research papers

Joseph Stalin became leader of the USSR after Lenins death in 1924. Lenin had a authorities of abstemious communist government. When Stalin came into government he moved to a radical communist society. He moved away from the somewhat capitalist/communist providence of Lenin time to modernize the USSR. He wanted to industrialize and modernize USSR. He had overworked his workers, his people were dying, and most of them in slave labor camps. In fact by doing this Stalin had hindered the USSR and put them even farther back in time.As a dictator Stalin was very strict about his policies, especially working. For instance. Stalin had set quotas very eminent , as they were very unrealistic. The workers had very long days, and under the rule of Stalin most people worked many hours in overtime, and resulting in no pay. Stalin treated workers very, very harshly. Those who did non work were exiled to Siberia or killed. Some may say you got what you deserved in Stalins time. Those who worked very hard for Stalin sometimes got bonuses such as trips, or goods likes televisions and refrigerators. The workers had to align to Stalins policies . Stalins harsh treatment of workers received a very unwelcoming response, but in fact the liberal amount of goods that the workers had do, had in fact boosted the USSRs economy. Therefore Stalin had created a country which seemed corrupt at the time, but later on it improved by the hard work Stalin had forced upon them.When Stalin became leader of the USSR the select of life and standard of living dropped considerably. For instance the people had no personal freedom. Meaning that they had to worship Stalin as all other religions had been abolished and most churches had been demolished. The people who went into those churches that were left standing were arrested or punished otherwise. Soon there were food shortages. Somewhere between 1932 and 1933 over 6 million people died of starvation. This was the greatest man made famine in h istory. The famine came as a result of Stalins unrealistic goals . Also, people had poor family lives. Abortions came a dime a dozen as did divorces. Wedding rings were banned. There was insufficient housing, as some people had to live in tents. This may be because of workers not working hard enough. maybe if the workers worked harder they could have received better housing.

Joseph Stalin :: essays research papers

Joseph Stalin became leader of the USSR after Lenins death in 1924. Lenin had a government of abstemious commie government. When Stalin came into government he moved to a radical communist society. He moved away from the somewhat capitalist/communist economy of Lenin time to arise the USSR. He wanted to industrialize and modernize USSR. He had overworked his workers, his people were dying, and most of them in slave labor camps. In fact by doing this Stalin had hindered the USSR and put them plane farther back in time.As a dictator Stalin was real strict about his policies, especially working. For instance. Stalin had set quotas very high , as they were very unrealistic. The workers had very long days, and under the rule of Stalin most people worked many hours in overtime, and resulting in no pay. Stalin treated workers very, very harshly. Those who did not work were exiled to Siberia or killed. Some may say you got what you deserved in Stalins time. Those who worked very hard for Stalin sometimes got bonuses such as trips, or goods likes televisions and refrigerators. The workers had to conform to Stalins policies . Stalins harsh treatment of workers reliable a very unwelcoming response, but in fact the liberal amount of goods that the workers had made, had in fact boosted the USSRs economy. Therefore Stalin had created a country which seemed corrupt at the time, but later on it improved by the hard work Stalin had forced upon them.When Stalin became leader of the USSR the quality of life and hackneyed of living dropped considerably. For instance the people had no personal freedom. Meaning that they had to worship Stalin as all other religions had been abolished and most churches had been demolished. The people who went into those churches that were left standing were arrested or punished otherwise. Soon there were food shortages. Somewhere between 1932 and 1933 over 6 million people died of starvation. This was the greatest man made famine in history. Th e famine came as a result of Stalins unrealistic goals . Also, people had poor family lives. Abortions came a dime a dozen as did divorces. Wedding sound were banned. There was insufficient housing, as some people had to live in tents. This may be because of workers not working hard enough. Maybe if the workers worked harder they could have received better housing.

Sociology. Davis Moore Thesis Essay

Davis-Moore thesisIntroduction Davis-Moore thesis discusses and analyzes the social equality and inequality and explains why different people obtain different rewards for the jobs that they do (Macionis, 2009). The general field of the thesis is social stratification, which tally to Davis-Moore, is present in every society due to the reason that it has some consequential benefits for the operation and the growth of the society. According to Davis-Moore, to a greater extent reward is given to people that hold positions in the society that are considered to have some functional importance, such as that of a medical remedy (Macionis, 2009). The result of the reward system in the society implies equality in opportunities while promoting inequality in terms of the outcome that people receive. Social stratification, according to Davis-Moore thesis, makes the society more productive as well as efficient. The functional consequence of inequality for society helps in ensuring that the various roles that are considered to be central in the society are filled by the relevant and skilled people (Macionis, 2009). Talented people in the society are supplied with the necessary opportunities and pauperization that enables them to undertake dealing that result in filling of the important roles in the society (Macionis, 2009). The important functions are performed by people who are most talented. The great rewards are also offered to the position that require a circularise of training and are of importance in the maintenance of the order and system of the society (Macionis, 2009). For example, doctors train for many years and, therefore, are expected to receive higher perks due to the kind of role they play in the society. Engineers and pilots also take a lot of time to train hence the notion that they should receive higher rewards for their jobs. Melvin Tumin criticized Davis-Moores thesis of social stratification by saying that there has been no ostensorium of f unctional importance of the varying positions in the society (Macionis, 2009). Melvin also notes that such a demonstration has not been made.ReferenceMacionis, J. J. (2009). Sociology. Upper Saddle River, N.J Pearson Education.Source document

Ministers of Irish Education Essay

1. Since the foundation of the Irish Free State (1922) to the present day in that location have been 37 different ministers for education. Identify at least 4 of those ministers for education which you consider most significant. Critically evaluate the contribution they played in reforming the Irish procreation Landscape. (50Marks) Today I will looked at 4 Irish Ministers of Education John OSulllivan, Thomas Derrig, Donagh OMalley and Ruairi Quinn and portray how I believe they contributed (and are contributing) hugely to the reform the Irish Education Landscape 1. John M. OSullivan (Jan. 1926 Mar.1932) OSullivan was appointed to the Cabinet in 1926, serving under W. T. Cosgrave as Minister for Education. In 1926 a paper from the heartbeat National Programme Conference was presented to him as the Minister for Education. He accepted all proposals stated in the report to be recommended as a study curriculum. In 1926, he made Irish obligatory for registration as a Secondary Schoo l teacher & for recognised (funded) schoolings. In 1926 under OSullivan, the School Attendance impress came into existence. It made it obligatory for all children between the age of 6 and 14 would attend school.OSullivan is also responsible for Establishing the representation on technical foul Education in 1927 Setting up the Preparatory Colleges to train primary teachers in 1927 Introducing the Primary Certificate in 1929 As it became piss that many could not access suitable second level education discussions began on creating a good continuation course to provide general education in a vocational style. The Vocational Education Act, 1930 was implemented by OSullivan. It reformed the technical education branch of the Department of Education and local Technical Education Boards.It introduced vocational schools, a new type of school with a greater emphasis on trade and commerce in courses. These courses were broken into continuation courses and traditional technical education cour ses. There were those who considered the system revolutionary and there were warnings of danger to faith and morals which could arise in the new multi denominational and co-educational schools to be provided. This was the states first attempt to take an vigorous hand in establishing schools step forwardside the power of the Roman Catholic Church.The Vocational Education Act was thee major ministerial achievement of the Minister. The act provided an avenue for a new approach to post primary education and to the introduction of the concept of education as a lifelong process. Here then was a new system which set out to educate through the medium of subjects themselves directly related to the humans of work. It was not easily accepted. Education was regarded as the pursuit of abstract learning and the status of the educated person was almost in direct ratio to his/her inability to work with his/her hands.Even in todays society, there is a still some stigmatism attached to attending a VEC school. However in universe such schools contribute so much to todays society and as such Today we have 213 VEC second level schools and many push education, youthreach, traveller and prison education centres a testament to OSullivans rein. 2. Thomas Derrig (Mar. 1932 Sep. 1939) At the June 1927 general election he was elected to Dail Eireann as a Fianna Fail TD for CarlowKilkenny. In Eamon de Valeras first government in 1932 Derrig was appointed Minister for Education.Derrig has been influential in cultivating of our education system but not in a positive way Derrig initiated a review of industrial and reformatory schools and the rules under the Children Act 1908, resulting in the critical 1936 Cussen Report, which he shelved. His lack of action was noteworthy in 2009 when the Ryan Report examined the subsequent management of these residential institutions Derrig was the first minister to seek a report that could have resulted in much-needed reforms. A call for everyd ay inquiry into industrial schools was rejected by Minister of Education. Thomas Derrig because it would serve no useful purpose.It has been suggested that he did not want to follow British law reforms in the 1920s and 1930s because of his strong anti-British views, and that Irish children had suffered needless(prenominal)ly as a result. Under Derrigs rein, he not only instal teacher salaries, but also banned married egg-producing(prenominal) teachers from working. According to Diarmaid Ferriter (2004) in his book The Transformation of Ireland 1900 2000, the marriage ban imposed on female primary teachers from 1934 to 1958 seemed to attract little public comment, despite the concomitant that many untrained single teachers were replacing trained married female teachers.The INTO was not oral in objecting on the basis of gender equality, and whatever opposition existed in the union was overshadowed by its campaigns on wage levels. This was a sign of the times in my opinion, where women had very little power or voice. It is probably only in the past few decades that this move to ban female teachers has really been viewed as opprobrious and backwards. While the rest of Europe moved forward with education reform after World War Two, Derrig resisted such reviews. Derrigs narrow mindedness cost us academically and for so many young innocent children physically and emotionally.3. Donogh OMalley (July 1966 Mar. 1968) Following Fianna Fails return to government following the 1965 general election OMalley joined the cabinet as Minister for Health. He spent just over unrivalled year in this position before he was appointed Minister for Education, a position where he will be forever remembered for his dynamism as a minister. Having succeeded another dynamic young minister, Patrick Hillary, OMalley acted swiftly to introduce the recommendations that were made in an official report regarding education.Shortly after he was appointed he announce that from 1969 all sch ools up to negotiate Certificate level would be free and that free buses would bring students from rural area to the nearest school. OMalley seems to have made this decision himself without consulting other ministers, however, he did discuss it with Lemass. Jack Lynch, who as Minister for Finance had to find the money to pay for it, was certainly not consulted and was dismayed at the announcement. In spite of this OMalleys proposals were hugely popular with the public and it was impossible for the government to go back on its word.As minister OMalley also extended the school transport scheme and commissioned the building of new non-denominational comprehensive and community schools in areas where they were lacking. He also introduced Regional Technical Colleges (RTCs), now called Institutes of Technology, in areas where there was no third level college in proximity. The best example of this successful policy is Limerick, now a university, where OMalley is credited with taking the s teps to see to it the university came into existence.His plan to merge Trinity College, Dublin and University College Dublin aroused huge controversy and was not successful, despite creation supported by his cabinet colleague Brian Lenihan. Access to third level education was also extended as the old scholarship system was replaced by a system of means-tested grants which gave easier access to less well-off students. Because of OMalley, the working class and middle class of Ireland are far better. Four decades on from the 1960s and we have a 4 button up increase in retention rates, with 82% retention of students to Leaving Cert.However I argue the validity of the grants system that he hoped put in place. As Niamh Bhreathnach commented in the Irish Independent in September 2002, OMalley would be turning in his grave if he knew how the grants system was been exploited at that time. As the students of Ireland fight to hold onto the grants system as we know it, I personally feel its a pity that OMalley didnt introduce a student loan system like Englands system. It certainly would cost the Irish Taxpayer less. 4. Ruairi Quinn (2011 Present) Whilst still in office, I believe that R.Quinn has and will continue to significantly contribute in the reforming the Irish Education Landscape. Within one year, Ruairi Quinn has shown how an energetic Minister can drive the education agenda and push for change. In April 2012 the report on The Forum on Patronage and Pluralism was published. In the Primary Sector, The fact that 96% of primary schools in Ireland are under denominational patronage is incomparable among developed countries. The group has advised that the first phase in divesting schools should involve 258 schools in 18 dioceses across 47 areas.How the Minister will carry out this task remains to be seen. However he is determined to carry this out and I believe as such it will be one of the most significant changes in our educational landscape since OMalleys i ntroduction of free schooling. The 8 subject Junior Certificate currently being introduced by Quinn will change the landscape of learning for our students. I hope that with this introduction, I can as a teacher continue to use active learning activities in the classroom and concentrate on lifelong learning rather than the system of rote learning that exists at the minute.The minister also announced in May 2012 that Chinese will become a subject in the Leaving Certificate and he also announced an optional rook course on Chinese language and culture which will be made available as part of the new Junior Cert cycle political platform from 2014. As Quinns ministry continues to push on with the ideology of a 2 year dogma course, I am glad I am complementary this course in 2012 and not in 2014. While I understand the ideology of this move, I do not believe it will improve teaching standards in Ireland.I believe that scholar students (regardless of their vocation) will look at the time it takes to become a teacher and the monetary rewards of it (which unfortunately is on the decrease) and the fact they could have for instance a medical degree in the same amount of time with brighter economic aspirations. It is my sincere hope that such visions do not come through. Today I have looked at 4 Irish Ministers of Education John OSulllivan, Thomas Derrig, Donagh OMalley and Ruairi Quinn and I truly believe they contributed (and are contributing) hugely to the reform the Irish Education Landscape.

In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio Essay

Philippe Bourgois book In Search of Respect Selling Crack in El Barrio was published in 1995, and discussed his experiences of authors supporting in El Barrio (East Harlem). In 1985 the writer moved to this district of New York City with the purpose of studying the impact of imposed racial segregation and economic marginalisation on the inner city Puerto Rican population (intro pg. 1). An interesting new insight into the street civilization found in New York was captured in this book. The amount of poverty in this portion of our country is much higher than that in close to opposite areas.Bourgois presents the theory culture of poverty which seems to argues that poor people share deviate heathenish characteristics. The poor have lifestyles that differ from the rest of hostelry and that these characteristics perpetuate their life of poverty. The poor are qualitatively different in values and these cultural differences explain continued poverty. He argues that this neighborhood, which is well known for high rates of violence, does not have widespread violence occurring amongst entirely(prenominal) of its members.The higher crime rate, argues Bourgois, occurs for the most part in spite of appearance the factions of the underground economy, and social relationships. With an unbiased sight the author looks at the underground economy, from baby sitting, off-track betting, to drug dealing, as these were the means which most of the families living in El Barrio were able to survive. This book is generally a synopsis of the events that occurred during Bourgois stay in El Barrio. The original purpose of the book was to write a first-hand account of racial prejudice and ethnic segregation in the heart of one of the worlds largest cities.Bourgois was swept into the area drug economy because of the abundance of information from the dealers and their families who all lived within the immediate area. Most of the accounts given in the book come from a single decompos e house near Bourgois tenement. The group of crack dealers filtered by dint of Bourgois presents a compelling argument that reform within the economy needs to take place in order to reduce the amount of violence within the inner-cities of the United States. Bourgois states that there is a strong feeling of community among the people living in El Barrio.The racial and ethnic prejudice of the El Barrio outsiders has go on the residents of the city to isolate themselves from the rest of the American society. The isolation and aversion of these people by the rest of the world has lead them to the spatial relation when their daily struggles for subsistence and dignity at the poverty line, (intro pg. 2) became not advantageful any longer. The drug dealing has swallowed all of the attempts of these people to find a decent place in the society, and selling crack became the only way for inhabitants of El Barrio to at least survive.At some point of time the author tries to find the answer to the question of why did all that happen. He asks, in studying the street culture, how does growing up in an environment like that affect one in their ability to function profitably in mainstream society? Bourgois goes back and looks at the history of Puerto Ricans, from Puerto Rico to New York City, all through the history of these people on American continent, and puts into perspective, how that helps shape their culture in El Barrio.Bourgois conducts his research for this book by putting himself in direct daily contact with the subjects of this book. Through participant observation, he was able to flip deep into the personal lives of the crack dealers, addicts, and people effected by the epidemic. He also attended holidays and family function in order to get a more humanistic and holistic view of this society.The answers found by the author were shocking but not surprising. The social perception and culture that defines Puerto Ricans is the exact thing that inhibits them fro m success (ch. pg. 142), and just returns them to street in search of other means to make a living. Family seemed to be majorly effected by this outbreak. By destroying the so-called mother-nuture instinct, and by alter their children during their tenderest ages, vulnerable mothers escape the long-term agony of having to watch their children grow up healthy, energetic adolescents, only to become victims and protagonists of violence and substance abuse. (ch. 7 pg. 285) Many examples of this were represent through Candys life with her son Junior.He was the first boy Bourgois watched graduate into crack dealer status. Due to the outbreak, jobs were also effected. The only jobs that provided rich money for the Harlemites to survive on, without having to engage in some other illegal activity, are high risk construction jobs, which were ran by racist mafia O.K. unions (ch. 4 pg. 162), or entry level jobs in the F. I. R. E. (finance, insurance, or real estate) sector (ch. 4 pg. 142), w here the impoverished Puerto Ricans did not have enough cultural capital or the proper ethnic background to survive in the positions being offered.When ever they did get a job in one of these areas things wouldnt go very(prenominal) well. For example, in the construction jobs, they would either be cheated out of wages and overtime (ch. 4 pg. 165), or when they got a job in the F. I. R. E. sector, they would have to put forth their values and norms and go against everything they were taught through their culture. The racial attitudes of civilized people did not allow the Puerto Ricans (who often outsmarted whites, and performed better at the jobs) to succeed in their career development.Puerto Ricans would oft have to be subordinate to women barking orders at them, and they would have to deal with ethnic stereotypes. Anytime they came into contact with mainstream society it would be a demeaning, humiliating, and negative experience. Thus, these types of experiences would future al ienate them from mainstream society and drive them into the underground economy of crack, the only place where they can go to make money, and regain a certain sense of dignity and respect.To survive financially outside of mainstream society, one must manipulate all of ones available resources to make a livable income. So, in the underground economy this can mean anything, from victorious advantage of the welfare office, to selling drugs, or robbing people, all of which were employed by most of the subjects in this book. Although the world of the underground economy is very chaotic, it all seems to roam around one thing crack.The Puerto Ricans suffered lees from crack physiologically than socially. This nationality usually served as barrier between the drug sellers and police when resolving criminal issues. The outcome of this situation was definitely unfavorable to general Puerto Ricans. On one side they did not belong to the criminal part of El Barrio (with its multi million dol lar turnovers), and on the other side the rest of the New York City perceived them very negatively.The poverty of culture seemed to be connected with the idea that the people lived through the hard propagation with drugs primarily. Though Philippe Bourgois book is not about the problems of racism and ethnic discrimination, but about the underground economy of El Barrio with its effect on life of the clownish inhabitants of East Harlem, the underlying foundation for the development of this type of economy was the social prejudice about Puerto Ricans and their abilities to function in the modern civilized society of whites.

Audiences and Spectatorship

Are listenings vulnerable pawns ensn atomic number 18d under the manipulative and calculating control of the media or, do audiences actively engage in the media by constructing their own interpretations and meanings of the world? This is an extremely controversial issue that is extensively debated all around the world. Some view audiences as macrocosmness easily influenced masses of people who spate be persuaded to purchase products and conform to societies ideals or even follow corrupt leaders through advertising. on that point dupe also been fears that the media whitethorn alter the way people behave for example, beingness more violent and aggressive.On the other side of the coin, there argon theorists who believe that the media has a great deal less influence over audiences hence is hypothesized. This is the central argument that this essay will be debating, to conclude whether audiences ar passive voice individuals who ar targeted victims of the media, or whether they are active and are thus non fictitious cohorts who believe everything they are told or watch in the media. To neutralize misrepresentation the definition and divers(prenominal)iation of audiences is crucial. An Audience is dictionary definition. There are two types of audiences that are marketed in the media-mass and niche.The mass audience includes people of different societal cultures, different degrees of class and wealth and people with varying grades of education. The mass is composed of individuals who are oblivious to each other and who, in an ocean of people, dont distri exactlyively expect out. Due to this oblivion, members of the mass audience rarely interact and this lack of interaction means little exchange of suffers. A niche is that part of the audience, being comparatively small in size, that marketers produce and can thus be easily targeted, producing only a small but secure profit.Audiences are not dumbbell sheets of paper on which media messages can be writ ten members of an audience will have prior attitudes and beliefs which will determine how proceedsive media messages are. (Abercrombie, 1996140) Mass media assumes that its audiences are credulous, supersensitive and incompetent. This is however challenged by the idea of an active audience in which individuals are not mere sheep that follow the flock but individuals who possess agency over their lives and the messages they receive.As Philip Hanes (2000) states, meanings are encoded by the producer into the media text and the audiences decodes the meaning from the text. this intended message is not simply dumped into the minds of passive audiences (Croteau and Hoynes, 2000263), the producer inscribes a specific meaning in the text that he/she hopes to be decoded, but encodes it by the conventions of the particular medium so as to hide the texts own ideological construction. This concealed message is then decoded by the audience according to external influences such as class, ethn icity, gender, age etc.Thus a text could mean completely different things to different audiences meaning that no text has only one meaning and is thus polysemic. Reception Analysis suggests the audience themselves help to create the meaning of the text by individually decoding the intended message in different ways according to the mood one may be in or as a result of ones own beliefs and deterrent examples. So we can conclude that audiences create their own meanings from the text and are thus not mere passive adherents.However, Its is also shown that media texts hire an excess of meanings within them and thus, media contains the raw materials for multiple interpretations the texts are structured in ways that facilitate peoples reading against the grain the most successful texts will have components that appeal to different audiences (Croteau and Hoynes, 2000266-267) As with all debates it is imperative to discuss and analyze indisputable theories pertaining to that debate. First ly, it is important to note that the media only has a limited influence and effect on audiences.As Klapper(1960) demonstrates, persuasive mass communication is in general more likely to reinforce the existing opinions of its audience than it is to change its opinion. The idea of Selectivity deals with the idea of the resistant audience-it is up to the audience to resist the manipulative powers of the media and be not only cognizant of its manipulative capacity but bend these manipulations in prefer of themselves. The Gratifications speculation is in support of the premise that audiences are active.This theory testifies that we do not engage in media texts as some kind of mindless entertainment. (Baker) but make choices over what we consume and thus presume to get something out of it, some form of satis featureion. The types of gratification that we incur comprise of satisfying our curiosity regarding the world-information determination ones personal identity by looking to others i. e. celebrities for assistance and corroboration to find out more about others circumstances and for social interaction(Media allows for communication amongst friends. ) and lastly for concentrated entertainment. Agenda setting deals with the notion that although there is an abundance of media messages being thrown at the audience, the audience intercepts this bombardment with their prior beliefs and attitudes.Thus media effects are limited because the audience practices a degree of autonomy. The Marketplace Model positions the audience in the rank of the consumer. This model states that audiences are not inert victims of the media but enthusiastically elect to adopt commodities that satisfy their desires and preferences. This model suggests that audiences are realistic and clued-up and know exactly what it is they want.Their preferences allow them to pick and choose the aftermath they wish to indulge in and if the audience demands various content, then the marketplace will pr ovide it. (Webster and Phalen, 199429) This model insinuates that in view of the fact that audiences actively engage in their choice of viewing they, to a certain degree, have power over the media. One must, however, not be too hasty in succumbing to the notion of the active audience because there is a proliferation of theories regarding audiences as being passive entities.The debate concerning audiences being passive victims of the media and media being capable of radically effecting peoples behavior and beliefs, dates far back into history. An extremely appropriate illustration of this is when Hitler and Stalin attempt to use the media as propaganda by persuading the mass audiences to follow their policies and beliefs. Thus we can see how what an extremely precarious weapon media can be in the malign hands, capable even of convincing millions to follow iniquitous beliefs.We see this persuasion still today in elections which is the same sort of propaganda. The Effects model of me dia audiences assumes that being exposed to adverse content can result in harm, that the audience is equally harmed by the media withholding high-quality content and the fact that although beneficial content is make accessible, it is being underused by the audience. The Commodity Model is less wedded to any notion of audiences as individual decision makers and is more a reflection of the fact that, under advertiser support, they are a common coin of exchange. (Webster, 199430)Audiences are thus seen as commodities the media will construct a text, in such a way that it will produce an audience. An example of this is the show Friends and how it is theorized that this show is actually a method of selling beauty products. Friends features stunning people, in amusing situations who are all blissful. Thus young audiences wanting to follow the latest trends of the main characters and experience their happiness would buy the beauty products sponsoring the show.In the argument pro passivity, The capital of Kentucky School, who were concerned about the possible effects of mass media considered society to be composed of isolated individuals who were susceptible to media messages. (Hanes, 2000) Thus the theory of the Hypodermic Syringe was proposed. This theory states that the media takes on the life of a syringe by injecting principles, and beliefs into the audience, who as passive mass viewers have no option but to be influenced and get or follow these messages.An example of this is if you see a woman sweeping the floor, being a woman you would go and do the same or being a man, you would expect the woman to go and sweep the floor. Certain films such as the Exorcist were banned for this very reason it was felt that it might embolden people to imitate the acts of violence in the film, in other words, if you watch something violent you will accordingly perform a violent act yourself. notwithstanding another theory supporting the passivity debate is the Cultivation th eory.This theory surmises that although an individual media text might not impact or affect an individual, historic period and years of being exposed to violence may consequently make you less sensitive and responsive to violence. If an audience, for instance, is constantly exposed to domestic violence, it may not bother them too much because they have been desensitized and domestic violence may have become just another societal norm which is exceptionally problematic. as yet another theory hypothesizes that we are likely to communicate our media encounters with others, and if we value their judgment, the likelihood is that we will be influenced by it and thus come to a deduction concerning our experience established on the foundation of the opinion leaders. These theories give us a great deal of insight into the reality of the audience as a passive victim. It is imperative that mention is given of how violence in the media can influence audiences as this is an integral part favour ing the audience as victims debate.It seems evident that by observant violent or aggressive acts on television and film, audiences are learn behaviors which are appropriate, in other words, which behaviors will be punished and which are rewarded. Audiences imitate those behaviors which are positively rewarded. For instance, if the protagonist is in a fight scene with the enemy, although the enemy may get punished by being defeated by the protagonist and thus the protagonist be rewarded for defeating evil, the protagonist himself was still involved in the violence and aggression.What is problematic is the fact that the protagonist is seen as the hero and is in turn imitated by audiences as it is seen as a good thing. So we can assume that violence in television and film is encoded and continuous viewing of this violence can help to maintain aggressive thoughts and violent ideas. It is also evident how the media may allow for the release of tension and desires through identification w ith assumed characters. Violent acts in the media may also erode inbuilt inhibitions against acting violently.Through the attraction of television and films, audiences acquire an imprecise comprehension of society, realism and moral values. Although the many theories surrounding the debate of whether audiences are passive or active are extremely influential, they have also been criticized. Firstly, the Gratifications theory can be criticized as it disregards the actuality that we do not always have absolute selection as to what we receive from the media. We typically have to choose the media that we consume from what is available.This emasculates the Gratification theory since we may not all have the equal prospects to utilize and benefit from the media merchandise we want. The Hypodermic Model can also be criticized on account of it being too simplistic and disregarding audiences individuality. There is a definite association between the mass media and social change but many of th e consequences attributed to the mass media can also be attributed to many other influences within society, thus the extensive debate.In weighing up the evidence of whether mass media is influential or not, it is distinctly identifiable that the media does play a major role in the construction of representations in society. Therefore we see how the media is used as a powerful creature in influencing audiences into certain modes and beliefs within society. So we can deduce from the arguments presented in this essay that while audiences are passive victims of an all-encompassing world of messages, they too are active in that they can rebel against the medias domination by ardently participating in it or by resisting it.

New Hampshire and Deforestation

Nick Gagliardi Jay Knower Composition December 2, 2011 red-hot Hampshire and De forestation Many people today put one over New Hampshire as a woodwind instruments infested state with so much beautiful nature and an incredible amount plants, lakes, and wild life. Most people who perish here animadvert there is so much forests that when deforestation occurs, they bank it doesnt pose a threat or make a dent. The Granite land has been a victim of deforestation for many years and it has believed to be getting worse every year but to a monumentalr group, it has been actually getting better.Could it be turning into a conundrum today or a bigger problem in the future? Is deforestation becoming a problem for New Hampshire? New Hampshire, with 78. 4% forest cover, is currently the second most forested state in the country with Maine universe the first. However, the forest cover has been steady declining since the 1980s. This loss is slightly 17,500 acres per year, broadly due to la nd development and Every day, the average person in the USA allow consume about 4. 5 pounds of wood, thats a little over a third of a two-by-four.Over the course of a year, that adds up to a 16-18 tree, a hundred feet tall ( afforest Service). severally year, the nation plants more than 5 new trees for each American. Wood is a renewable resource. As long as forests atomic number 18 not converted by development, harvesting trees does not result in an increase of carbon in the atmosphere. Today there are certain foundations and things to do to prevent deforestation. Although we need wood to cut down for certain things, we plant three trees for every tree we cut down.This is called the 3 to 1 Ratio by Society Protecting New Hampshire Forests. About one hundred years ago the pureness mickles didnt look so well according to the many photographs taken of the cud sides stripped of all the trees of what was once a virgin forest. The forest wasnt looking so well with the streams choked with silt from eroding hillsides, and ash from forest fires falling on nearby towns (Govatski 2009). Factory owners had to deal with the floods after too much rain and thence the droughts in the summer. Hotel wners werent getting any customers from the looks of things and complaints and by the twentieth century, a growing consensus between widely diverse interests was building that something had to be done inthe White Mountains (Govatski 2009). With still much interest in the eastern mountains, a Congressional action engaged at the turn of the last century to put off forest preserves in the massive areas of public domain land in the West. Still a lot of people form the East pursued ways to create such Forests. It mostly sightly focused on the southern Appalachians and the White Mountains.After a lot of failed presentations, many New England and Eastern organizations worked together to obtain an act introduced by instance John W. Weeks of Massachusetts. The Weeks playact was pas sed on Feb. 15th of 1911, signed by President Taft, which authorized Federal purchase of forest lands at the head of navigable streams. The venture likewise provided for cooperation in fire control between federal and state authorities (Govatski 2009). The Weeks Act was believed to have put in action when the textile mill and rivers were starting to get grime (Pruyn).In an interview with Michele Pruyn at PSU, she noted that because of this water pollution and loss of tourists really woke a lot of New Hampshire people and the carry and Federal Government. This Weeks Act allowed the Federal and State Government to control all deforestation in NH (Pruyn). Now that they were in charge of the forests, private land owners and pulverisation owners were not allowed to cut wherever they wanted to or cut as many trees as they wanted. The Government had to look it over and enforce the 3 to 1 ratio rule and ban cutting near rivers and lakes because of water pollution.By cutting trees near water, debris could then easily get into the water and the air would then get smoggy from the cutting of the trees. Now people are only aloud to clear dead or only trees that are in polluted forests and after they would plant three trees for every tree they cut. Some say the Weeks Act relieve the forests of New Hampshire. The law established a National Forest Reservation Commision to determine what lands would be purchased. It seized 9 million dollars for every 5 million acres of forest land in the Appalachians and another million for the White Mountains. By 1918 land purchase in New Hampshire culminated in the formation of the White Mountain National Forest. These were the lands that nobody wanted but the Weeks Law saved (PSU). Since then New Hampshire has had a one hundred percentage growth rate. Today people are concerned about what they call the Yankee recall and what will it do o the land whats going to happen. You see many stickers on the bumpers of cars everywhere and sig n in yards of all people who are against it but there are also a lot of people who believe that it will help very much.In support, people would have access to 1,200 megawatts of cheap, low-carbon, reclaimable hydro queen which is equivalent to the Seabrook Nuclear Power Station. It would have a New high-voltage transmission and converter capacity adding needed robustness to the North American power grid (NNEV). Also, it will be a new source of property taxes in economically-challenged areas of NH. The Northern Pass is believed that it bring a 10 percent reduction in CO2 2018 (NNEV). Many land owners of New Hampshire are opposed to the situation relating the Northern Pass.Citizens of NH believe that it will bring a proscribe environmental impact of the towers, right-of-way, and construction (NNEV). Also, there arent many people who want a big space of cleared land near their homes with power lines and have to look at that every day. Some say that the visual impact will discourage t ourism which is the regions number 1 industry. It is also believed that it will bring Negative health effects from the electro-magnetic radiation on people living nearby and on the wildlife NNEV).There are certainly many opinions on this ordeal and for some people you wont ever be able to change their minds and thats something they will always live with. The Northern Pass brings a negative effect on people regarding deforestation in NH and gives some people a positive effect to people who dont sound off deforestation is a problem in NH. I think New Hampshire has so many people that want to cherish the forests here forever and never let it die and there are so many groups out there who are fighting for the land just like in the war only this is for trees and no guns are included.There is a Conservation Alliance that contributes $25,000 to help protect 400+ acres on Mount Monadnock (Forest Society). It ended up being successful. Also, The Forest Society in New Hampshire is also try ing to preserve 404 acres in Jaffrey and Marlborough that have old beautiful hiking trails and precious wildlife. These efforts will also protect the mountain view of Monadnock that you can see across the region. Mount Monadnock is one of the most hiked mountains in the Western Hemisphere (Forest Society). On your way brainish to Plymouth, NH, you can see a large cloud of smoke coming from what looks like a factory.That place is called the Bridgewater Power Company and they are known for employ biomass for energy and using renewable resource with healthy transportation which is huge (Pruyn). This place was probably started to be heard of in 1987 when it began commercial operations. Power was constructed and brought into dish up in 11 months for less than $1400 per installed kilowatt (BPP 2011). The plant uses biomass fuel in the form of wood chips. This fuel supply originates as low value forestry elope from the regional logging industry being a renewable resource.The smoke that comes out of the top of the power plant isnt anything to worry about either. It is just water vapor going into the air. The trees you burn are equal to the trees you plant and no carbon dioxide will go into the air if you do that (Pruyn). I think this is a great way to conserve the forest in New Hampshire and gives people a warm feeling that people are making large efforts to preserve the forest. As a lot of people think that the large number (17,500) of acres that is deforested each year is a scary number, many others believe it to be getting better each year instead of worse.There are always positive and negative thinking towards changes in our state like the Northern Pass. It might make some people not very happy but I may be a good change for us. I believe that with all of the organizations and the Weeks Act, New Hampshire forests will be here for a very long time if we take care of it properly and it wont be much of a problem for us. Work Cited BBP Bridgewater Power whole kit New Hampshire, USA. PSEG We Make Things Work for You. 2011. Web. 01 Dec. 2011. http//www. pseg. com/family/holdings/global/plants/bridgewater. jsp Boesch, Nate. The Next Best Time to Plant a Tree Deforestation in NH. Conservation New Hampshire. June 2010. Web. 01 Dec. 2011. http//conservationnh. org/land/the-next-best-time-to-plant-a-tree-deforestation-in-nh/ Forest Society Press Releases. Forest Society Welcome. 2004-2011. Web. 01 Dec. 2011. http//www. forestsociety. org/ Govatski, David. Weeks Act. Home Page. White Mountain History, 2009. Web. 30 Nov. 2011. http//whitemountainhistory. org/Weeks_Act. html NNEV. Top 5 Reasons to Support or Oppose Proposed a Northern Passa Transmission Line Facebook. Northern New England Villages, 1 Feb. 011. Web. 01 Dec. 2011. http//www. facebook. com/notes/northern-new-england-villages/top-5-reasons-to-support-or-oppose-proposed-northern-pass-transmission-line/133708956696756 State, Plymouth. Weeks Act Centennial 2011. Plymouth State Univ ersity. Web. 01 Dec. 2011. http//www. plymouth. edu/center-for-rural-partnerships/weeks-act/ Service, Forest. Frequently Asked Questions. US Forest Service Caring for the Land and Serving People. Web. 01 Dec. 2011. http//www. fs. fed. us/r9/forests/white_mountain/conservationed/faqs. html Interview Michele Pruyn. Plymouth State Environmentalist

The Enron Managers’ Mistakes

Looking for steals is a very difficult thing to do, especi eithery if the case in intimate is something which is as successful in star point of its existence much(prenominal) as the Enron. Companies such as Enron employ the best handlers because work at these levels leaves very, very, very little room for error unless it was a calcu y verbotenhful and deliberate error in the part of the erring buss.If such was the case, then it would lead to the identification of malice and duplicitous motivations in the part of the managers, since no manager wants to commit knowingly a defect. The identity of the mistake shifts now from what used to be as poorly thought-of action plan do individu eithery and breakaway of different slews orientation and influence resulting to losses to the general course of action, attitude and mental alignment of some the managers in Enron that made the expose as something which is highly improbable.Still t here(predicate) were mistakes in general, and lock, it will be managers at the end of the day who will be answerable and liable for these mistakes, from what was claimed as news report processes that argon bogged down by innocent human error, to deliberate cover ups and last minute action recourse that was a minute too late always people argon thinking that at worst, it was a well schemed, well planned, internal sabotage. Yes, they made mistakes. And former Enron Corp.Chairman Kenneth rank himself was among those who admitted to mistakes which are by and entirely bereft of malice as he insisted that despite the mistakes, any wrongdoing in running the energy giant was non part of his activities while help Enron (Emshwillerm, McWilliams, 2006). Companies and business circumspection executives adhere to a particular paradigm or accepted practice in the daily undertaking of business and commerce because it is a necessary tool in the check and balance system that guarantees that the interests of the conjunction, the invest ors and the usual are protected.The main idea behind the collapse of Enron Corporation is its managers deviance from these paradigms ascribable to fraudulent intentions, and because of this, investors and the public in general come outd Enrons managers and chief executives as the one who erred and the ones who are criminally liable, leading to one of the most debatable debacle in Wall Street history.Enron willingly or unwillingly, knowingly or unknowingly kept analysts, investors and other people from the business industry orthogonal and in the dark. Some of their actions made them accountable according to the letter of the law while some can interpret the entire fiasco as a mere case of incapable and incompetent managers.The partnership and the role of these partnerships and the failure to see how it will work out in the long run is one of the regretfulgest mistakes of Enron and its managers along with i5ts move to inflate its reported profits and manipulate its profits, and at some extent the managers knew of that this move was a potential mistake still the compensation are just to tempting for them non to wager and give it a try, providing Enron suddenly with a way to hide the true amount of its debts through these partnerships with companies who are people and managed by the same executives found in Enron (Rouleau, 2002).The managers mistakes are assessed using two perspectives introductory, their mistakes that contributed to the crepuscle and worsening of Enron as a family, and second, the mistakes that they made that lead to the credence of the criminal charges that were slapped on them. What did they do wrong? Many.Just for starters, Smith (2006) wonders about the foolhardy risk of Enron in booking profits using means which are considered as generally volatile, risky and perfectly lawful and legal this alongside Enrons racking up of mark-to-market gains, a steady real- money influx based model for accounting, as reflected on the partys t rading book which do not reflect the use an accounting system which is based on the flow of material money like the accrual system,CRIMINAL LIABILITIES The mistakes of Enrons managers are reflected on their criminal records as their miscalculated mistakes led them from blue piece executive managers to criminal convicted felons, which whitethorn carry cast light on the guilt of certain crimes of the Enron managers but was unable to bring to light fully other important details.And by 2006, Smith (2006) still considers that it isnt clear how much Enron made or lost off its vaunted energy-trading, energy-services and broadband wholes or the extent of the earnings of Enron over what Smith considers as the exploitation of the calcium electricity market during the 15-month crisis which started in the spring, year 2000 (Wall Street Journal, pA9).And when several business mangers that are all capable and willing to commit criminal acts to the company and its investors are housed inside one company, it is the perfect recipe for an impend financial crisis. To be able to analyze the mistakes of Enrons managers that lead to the collapse of the company, it is important to take a look at two things the crimes for which every manager was accused of, and for the alleged crime that they made but were acquitted from.The precaution and the managers were, after all, responsible for let Enron be dependent on paper trading gains, which, according to Smith (2006) actually had little real cash attached to them and so vulnerable to belief calls that made it incapable of riding out a crisis (The Wall Street Journal, pA9), something which is not very much explored since the trial focused on the liabilities of the leaders and managers who kept on insisting throughout the trial that Enron was merely a victim to a run on the bank. Smith, A9). Before making a exam overall individual mistakes by Enron managers, one of the mistakes of the board of directors should be mentioned since it was symbolic to the law-bending and law-twisting disposition of doing business inside Enron that put them in this mess in the first place.This particular incident which symbolizes the many other similar erratic actions and costly mistakes made by the board of directors is about the measure when the board of directors opted to waive the reflection of conflict of interest and allowed Enrons very own Chief Finance Officer Andrew Fastow to head a business that is directly in dealing with Enron since the board of directors may have seen the merit, however temporary, of the strategy that allows Fastows LJM to acquire by buy out Enrons assets which it considers as underperforming, in truth the company of Fastow is no more than a smoke screen so that the debt of the Enron is shielded and the profit improved on paper. The most significant person and Enron manager who made the most telling mistakes en route to the down radiate of Enron is no other than Kenneth Lay.Others were just a n otch lower than Lays stature in the mismanagement department, and these include others like Jeffrey Skilling, Greg Whalley, Mark Frevert and Andrew Fastow they may or may not be included in Lays excuse list of what he considers as deceitful underlings (Emshwillerm, McWilliams, 2006). For Lay and all the involved Enron managers, their mistake was to wager their career and the future of Enron in exchange for whatever financial gains they experienced resulting from undertaking fraudulent actions and strategies while inside the company and holding key positions in Enron. Lay faced eleven criminal charges as an aftermath of the Enron scandal, all of which he pleaded not guilty.During the sentencing, Lay was found by the jury guilty of securities and wire fraud. This reflects Lays two main mistakes which he made throughout his Enron career the mistakes that he made that caused the down evanesce of Enron considering that all of the accusations hurled against him are false, and the second mistake, the inability to protect himself for worst case scenario, whether or not he is truly guilty of criminal actions. Another managerial mistake of Lay is his show of support and trust to the operations of Lou Borget, who was later convicted of money laundering. Lay was notorious for undertaking questionable and shady workings that are merely transparent to those who need to see and understand it.Even before his Enron days, Lay was always full of suspicious and strange actions, like how he still managed to control Internorth despite the fact that it was his small company which the Internorth brought and how insurance companies point to Lays questionable dealings in foreign countries like Peru where Enron formerly do business in. This resulted to Lays career macrocosm capped with losses, sales of what is otherwise considered as a very profitable operation, employee lay-offs and shady partnership deals which analysts consider as Lays way of hiding debt. If Lay is correspondent with shady accounts, questionable transactions and strange partnership moves, Skilling seemed to be haunted by a curse which is just as bad as that of Lay failed business operation. Skilling joined Enron in 1989. Prior to that, his career was inside a banking institution, the First City Bank of Houston, which collapsed as he left.If Skillings excuse was that his mistakes were made without malice and as a result of some human error factor, then he was misled and confused at least 19 times, the same bit of times he was acquitted for wire fraud and securities fraud. Even with the fact that it is close to impossible for Skilling to have an excuse for such number of instances pertaining to erroneous but not malicious managerial actions inside Enron which can prove that he is innocent after all, his capability as a superlative stage manager will be put to question next, as well as the authority and prudence of those who hired him since Skilling, after all, is close to being moronic with the nature of the railway line he was signed up to work in, if it is true that he did not have any acts with malicious or destructive nature towards the company for all of the times he was said to have committed securities and wire fraud.This is the case of someone stupid being smart enough to land a position of power, something which is not just convincing and realistic enough as it was plain dumb. Regardless, it is still Skillings mistake that burdens him with such load. Andrew Fastows mistakes was opting to do things which are not designed to answer Enrons brewing financial problem but to provide a mat under which Enron managers can sweep the dirt when business visitors and investors watch over in for a visit. This is true with the case of Fastows creation of the so-called off-book entities. Even before Enron crashed, Fastow was already showing the company how he is mistake prone. Example of which was the 1996 job that he bungled, described by Barboza and Schwartz (2002) i n detail Fastow as nearly fired for the poor job he did running a retail unit that aimed to put Enron into competition with local utilities around the country (The in the raw York Times).The same poor sense of long term outlook despite the innate financial brain inside Fastows head led Fastow to create an escape for Enron when its Calpers interests are not being addressed to as planned and expected by Enron his wifes family posing as outside investor and a low level Enron employee who was promised a hefty 10 million profit, the use of Chewco as the hiding place for Enrons debts and as a way to help in the inflation of Enrons profits which were both impossible in the first place, .Again, maybe Fastow was guiltless after all of the crimes sonsie against him after the Enron collapse but the one sure thing is that despite his intelligence, he committed too many mistakes that netted him in a entanglement and be wrapped up in a series of complex transactions that ultimately doomed him (Barboza, Schwartz, 2002), and the doom that came as a result of his mistakes amounted to an bill of indictment of 78 counts of crimes that included fraud, money laundering, and conspiracy. Paula Rieker was one time the managing director of investor relations of Enron. She was guilty of the criminal charge set against her (criminal insider trading charge) as she was guilty of the mistake of allowing herself to join her colleagues in what was called the exercise of self enrichment inside the company wherein managers use the situation at hand to make the most out of ones profit.Former Enron CAO Richard Causey, Enron treasurer Ben Glisan junior nd energy trader John Forney were all guilty of securities fraud as he was guilty of the mistake of failing to do what is right for the company or the mistake of failing to act upon constructively using ones sources and capabilities to keep Enron alive. OUTSIDE CRIMINAL LIABILITIES- Aside from the analysis of Enrons managers that led to convic tions to criminal acts, a look at the Enron situation without the malice of fraud will also reveal little things that help compound the growing mismanagement of Enron and made the fall a bit faster. The mistakes of the Enron managers can also be stacked together in either of the two categories financial management failure and poor people management.For now, the idea that the company may have been sabotaged directly behind fraudulent intentions from the top executives will be put aside in the name of management strategy assessment, and also because of the fact that common sense business dictates that no business entity or individual would risk building a blue chip firm that it will take down so hard so fast. The assessment of the errors is based on the fact that the top executives and managers of Enron did something hugely erroneous and portentous for the company sans the malice that some economic and business conspiracy theorists are exploring or what the criminal convictions simp ly proved.Simply said, Enron top brass made big time mistakes particularly because they are running a big time firm, and the paper will try to look at these big time mistakes and how it affected and contributed to the fall of Enron and their eventual conviction. Poor Financial and Overall Management Despite the fact that companies are indeed legit, it is difficult to prove that 100 percent of all the legit businesses, may it be in the United States or anywhere in the world, operates using strategies and methods that are 100 percent legal. Some of these companies tweak and bend the law here and there, and the reason why some of them are not caught is because they are prudent and good enough that no fall-out in the magnitude of crisis level would result from such law-bending actions.Having established that, Enron and its managers are plainly not good enough to sustain the good financial position of the company and they were not able to balance out with good management maneuver and st rategy whatever downside and ill-effect the results of their criminal acts has on the companys performance even before it hit crisis-level. It was just a case of poor financial management. Considering that Enron did not have any fraudulent intentions, the management of the company is still guilty of hiring incompetent individuals which they used to fill in key positions since none of them were capable of salvaging what was left of the fast sinking company. Financial fraud is often a team sport. It took a host of banks, lawyers and accountants to hide Enrons problems from investors (The New York Times, 2007). They are guilty of maneuvering poorly Enron inside the trade and stock exchange landscape with or without the illegal and criminal transactions that they did.They are guilty of viscous to a team of financial executives and their strategies and capabilities even when it appears that these personnel and their strategies are taking Enron nowhere but down, that is with consideratio n to the fact that again, they did not have any fraudulent intentions in the first place. The fact that Enron was poorly managed is hardly challenged as the proofs are just overwhelming and the tale of the stock price of Enron says it all before the crisis, Enron shares stood at 90 US dollars by November 21, 2001 the stock price of Enron is down to just seven US dollars. A week later the price was down to 0. 61 US dollars as the trading day closed along with the withdrawal of Dynegy Incorporated from previous deals with Enron and the awarding of the junk status rating to the company.Adding to these are other happenings that bolstered the claims that Enron was poorly managed before and during the crisis the debt repayment obligations that amounted to 9 billion US dollars at the close of the year 2002, an amount which cannot be covered by the companys available cash at that time, the decimation of five billion US dollars in just fifty days of the amount that Enron borrowed from finan cial firms and banks which was originally planned for use in buy its commercial paper and other strategies to resuscitate the companys financial standing. Even the pattern of its financial behavior is reeking of the foul odor of poor management the big third quarter loss followed by the companys announcement that it has actually overstated Enrons earnings in the last four years, and then followed by the making public of Enrons $3 billion obligations to its several partnerships.Questionable Business Strategies The Enron debacle highlighted not just Enron managers poor financial and business acumen it also showcased the poor people management skills of the managers of Enron reflected by its strategies and its inability to protect the company and its investors from long term and short term losses which they may have failed to predict or foresee in the first place. The only thing it appears they do best is confuse the company, confuse the public and in the end confuse even themselves that even when they wanted to, they cannot apologise to the public, particularly to the SEC and to the investors, what is really going on inside Enron.Public Assurance Credited to the faults of the Enron managers is the fact that the companys managers were unable to convince the investors in the time of crisis that everything is being done to create or maintain stability. The investors were not waiting to be told that everything at Enron is ok, since they would not believe it if it was said in the first place owing to the fact that the company is not transparent enough to even convince the investors and the public in general that they are even telling the truth. The managers were not able to control the mounting unrest and it was the case because of their refusal to divulge important information that can convince the people about the state of the company.And this attitude is not impossible to think that many of the Enron managers were all in denial on what Enron, their milking co w, their cash cow, has become, Mr. Fastow was reluctant to acknowledge what was happening(Barboza, Schwartz). Deterioration of Credibility Another important and famous fault that the Enron managers, particularly Kenneth Lay, committed is that they allow their credibility to deteriorate in front of the public and in the face of the investors. How did they, particularly Lay, do that? Through a lot if different ways that merely exacerbated the situation and compounded the growing negativity of the people towards him owed to his being overly shady and secretive of the many aspects of Enrons operation and financial status.With the breaking of the credibility of the top management tier of Enron comes the decreasing level of respect the people has for Enron managers, not just because of the result of the impending loss and the financial impact it has on investors some of which has there whole future in it, but because Enron managers themselves are creating inter-personal friction between them and those who are displace for answers to unresolved questions. This attitude is reflective of how Enrons top management people like Skilling treated investors who are merely calling for transparency by asking balance sheets and detailed earnings and was instead treated with expletive words over a conference call.Breaking of Ranks During Enrons financial battles, one of the aspects that greatly weaken them as an organization is the massive breaking and falling apart of their own ranks. In any battles corporate or not it is important that managers and top tier executives show a united front, especially when it comes to addressing the public and providing the assurance that everything is alright, and that whatever minor problems are being addressed immediately through the unity of the top management brass. In the case of Enron and its managers, it is either top brass people are leaving or they are simply being replaced during the most precise part of the companys financia l battle when senior and long time veterans are expected to hold the reigns and maintain control.

Shutter Island Essay.

shutter Island Essay. Im going to print an essay ab break through a carry named Shutter Island which was seizen from Dennis Lehanes 2003 novel which is also called Shutter Island, the subscribe its self was directed by Martin Scorsese in 2010. In my essay I plan to write about how important the genre and the characters is to the characterisation and how the film makers use it to create a successful film. To give you a brief of the film I am going to use Gustav Freytags five give away analysis, exposition two U.S. Marshals, Edward miscue Daniels and his new spouse Chuck Aule, who take up been sent to the Ashecliffe Hospital for the criminally insane on Shutter Island which is located in Boston Harbour to take part in an investigation about the disappearance of patient Rachel Solando, who was accused of drowning her three children. Then on that points the ascending action shortly after they arrive on the island, a storm stops them from returning to the mainland for a couple of days.Teddy soon finds that the staff are confrontational the lead psychiatrist, Dr John Cawley refuses to hand over records of the infirmary staff and Rachel Solandos doctor, Dr Sheehan who had suddenly left on vacation after her disappearance plus Teddy and his partner Chuck encounter been band from searching Ward C and they are also told that the lighthouse on the island has already been searched.The turning point is when Teddy begins to have migraine headaches, horrible visions of his involvement in the Dachau liberation reprisals and he also has rather distressing dreams of his wife, Dolores Chanal who was killed in a fire set by arsonist Andrew Laeddis. Teddy decides to break into Ward C and he meets George Noyce who is another patient. George warns Teddy that Ashecliffe is performing experiments on the patients and sends the people who cant be healed to the lighthouse to be lobotomized. When Teddy begins to leaves Gorge claims that anyone on the island, including his ne w partner is playing this delusional game designed for Teddy.The climax is when Teddy goes to the lighthouse and breaks into it. At the top of the lighthouse he finds Dr Cawley waiting for him. Dr Cawley explains that Daniels is rightfully Andrew Laeddis, which was dottye up after killing his wife after she drowned their three children. According to Dr Cawley, the events that had happened over the extend couple of days had been designed to break Laeddis conspiracy which was insanity by allowing him to play out the role of Daniels which was an anagram of his name. The fallen action happens whenLaeddis sits on the hospital grounds with Dr Sheehan he calls him Chuck and says they need to get off the island. Dr Cawley takes this as a sign of regression so decides theres nothing more(prenominal) he could do. The resolution happens when they take him away, Laeddis asks Dr Sheehan, Which would be worse? To live as a monster, or die as a good man? and past calmly leaves with the docto rs. The gothic setting is really important to the film in a whole as it makes us capture the film for the way it is because if you have loads of flowers and bright happy act upon in a mystery/horror film you arent going to get the same effect are you?No, so all the gothic genre mixes with the plot and shows us the true effect of the genre. There are loads of gothic settings amongst the story line, for example the island itself, hospital building, mansion, wipeout camps, ward C, woods, cemetery, cave, the lighthouse, fog, the extreme weather, darkness, the lake, etc. just now I am going to write about the main three in my opinion. The first one I am going to write about is the death camps because they hold a whole lot of darkness in their name never mind anything else.In the film we see the death camp through Teddys dreams and we are hit with death and decay straight of the bat and then theres dark colours mixing with greys to make the moment even darker and the whole idea is ver y eerie with its secrets which is important to the film because it lets us see a different place to the genre and not just the typical hidden passage ways and it also strikes up our emotions because we all know the uncanny truth about what happened in death camps.The punt one I am going to write about is the extreme weather, usually theres some of this in all(prenominal) gothic tale but I like how they used it in this film because they hit us with the mysterious storm and the darkness behind it which brings a very eerie aspecting but while Teddy and Aule are out during this storm they run through the woods and into a cemetery where they take shelter, which is also two other factors of a gothic genre and this helps us see how dark the story is straight from the disunite.The last gothic setting, but the outmatch one I am going to write about is the Lighthouse as its the ultimate and strongest gothic setting throughout the whole film. In my opinion this Lighthouse has the ultimat e gothic determineings in it, it holds mystery, something everyone loves but hates at the same time because the suspense kills us. It has death and decay all over it as people had died from time to time getting lobotomized, the darkness practically oozes from the Lighthouse.Its very eerie with its location, surrounded by wet and sharp rocks, away from every one which gives us an uncanny feeling about why they use it and all the dark shades of grey and black from the outside to the inside of the Lighthouse. But in the end of the film we also see its the place that holds all secrets and the truth, the place where the emotional extremes are held and to me thats why its the about important gothic setting throughout the film. Each character in this film holds a very different type of gothic from a champion to a villain and then to a manic Byronic hero.The three characters I am going to write about give a different impressiveness to the film, each give a different purpose from sticki ng emotions to making us shiver from the bottom of the spine to the top and back down over again yet theres always one you cant help feeling dramatically sorry for. The first character I am going to write about is the hero who in my opinion is obviously Dr John Cawley he never gave up on Teddy when everyone else would have. He was willing to hold out and help him through what he had done and give him a chance to sort his life out and make something of himself.Dr Cawley did do harsh things, played tricks with Teddys mind, played into his second individuala and even repeated stuff he had said to his wife, Why you all wet, baby? , on the day he killed her out of revenge for his three kids but even with that considered it was all for Teddys benefit and I recover thats what made him such a good here character as he seemed like the villain who was covered in darkness all the way through the film until we see what he was truly doing for Teddy.This is important to the film because it giv es us a twist of guilt for hating him and it also shows a whole different side to the story. The second person I am going to write about is the villain who is Dolores Chanal whose plays the role of a murderer, a wife and a mother. But at the start we see a sweet house wife who had a very loving husband and she was murdered out of cold blood which makes us feel sorry for her because she didnt deserve it but as the story begins to unfold we find out that none of that was true and that she was mentally ill and needed real help.We feel hatred for her as she rips her family apart and kills her three young children and ruins her husbands life but we also feel a mystifying sadness for her because she really lost herself to the point she couldnt control herself and she couldnt be blamed for her actions. This is the most important role in the whole film because if we take this role away there would be no film, the story would crumble without the villain. The last character I am going to wri te about is the manic Byronic hero who is Edward Teddy Daniels who is break dance known as Andrew Laeddis.There is so such(prenominal) to this one character that I dont see why he never cracked up before killing his wife, he served in the second world war and he was part of the Dachau liberation reprisals which means he seen some pretty disturbing things that were filled with darkness and then he came home to a wife who was seriously ill and he knew this, After she tried to kill herself the first time, Dolores told me she she had an biting louse living inside her brain. She could feel it clicking across her skull, just pulling the wires, just for fun. She told me that. She told me that but I didnt listen.I loved her so much. , which shows he loved her so much that he couldnt just put her away so he moved to a nice lake house in the country thinking that this would mend her but it doesnt help, nothing helps. So when he comes home after a hard day of work and see his kids dead in the water he loses his self and kills his wife, in a way I think he didnt just do it out of revenge for his kids, I think he did it out of love and mercy for his wife so he put her out of her misery and because of this I cant make myself mad at him I only feel sympathy and sadness for his loss.This all came as such a shock that he made himself a second persona were he began to hate the real him, Andrew Laeddis, he knew he killed her but he got that lost in himself that he made up the second him. every last(predicate) this is vital to the story as a whole because he is a maniac yet he is a Byronic hero with his troubled past and how he tries to become a better person but what really struck me is how the film makers made the last sentence in the film very deep and dark, Which would be worse? To live as a monster, or die as a good man? , because we can see that he is only cured yet he would rather be lobotomized to forget what he done than to face it and live with it and to me that i s very dark and gothic. The film makers made this film amazingly good, each technique made us think differently to the outstanding setting to the mind-blowing characters. They used every gothic term in the book and made it into their own way and it worked out well, they defiantly deserved the award they gained for this brilliantly well-made film. In my conclusion you can see I have written why

Florida Shrimp Industry Analysis Essay

What if it were logical and profitable to merge two of the accelerated growing pewee industries in the United States today? That is exactly the idea behind decoy runt proceeds, the latest development in the combined evolution of the valuable rattling ride pewit industry and the continual growth arena of aquaculture. Farm-raised devil peewee is a very appropriate combination of the two businesses both have a historical development in Florida for over forty years.Florida has been title the Fishing Capital of the World with its 1,197 statute miles of coastline hosting 3.4 million anglers annually. The statistics regarding the recreational seek industry in Florida are astounding. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) reportsThe economic time value of recreational fishing to Florida is $7.0 billion and supports 75,000 jobs. Recreational fishing is the second largest sports industry in Florida with over 700 world-record fish caught. recognise bait shr imp is the nucleus approximately which evolves Floridas saltwater sport and recreational fishing. It is the pickred bait for fishing near shore species such(prenominal) as snook, sea tr stunned, redfish, snapper, cobia and mackerel. The business of catching and supplying snuff it bait shrimp began with a few individuals supplying themselves, and a few bait shops in the 1950s to becoming a multi-million vaulting horse sign industry with exports finished and through away the Southeast United States. This growth is a testimony to the pre-eminence of shrimp as the just about popular start bait among saltwater anglers in Southeast United States.The message is clear the recreational/sport fishing industry and live bait shrimp are well established in Florida. And their popularity is growing amongst the14 million people (75% living within 10 miles of the coast) and the 40 million tourists who visit distributively year.Commercial fishermen underwayly supplying 100% of the bait sh rimp mart place experiences regulatory restrictions, seasonal declines in wild stocks, and unreliable labor ca exploitation unpredictable piddlingages and as such are unable to affect the increase in the market holds. The FWC and Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer service reports As the tourist and recreational fishing industry continues to increase in Florida so pull up stakes the bait shrimp business. Fishermen love to use live bait shrimp and retailers are always running out of bait forrader they run out of customers. The retailer wants consistent deliveries of bait shrimp in numbers that bequeath keep the customers walking through the door of their shop Although the fishing effort has increased 50% over the past ten years, the live bait harvesters can non meet the market demands.This increase in demand without an increase in supplies has resulted in an extremely high dollar value of live bait. This increase in demand, low supply and high dollar value has att racted the attention of shrimp producers.Now for the other half of the combination shrimp aquaculture. As the demand for live bait shrimp has expanded without an increase in supplies, the inevitable has begun to take place culturing Floridas endemic penaeids for bait sizing shrimp using hatchery and production technologies developed for other economically cardinal penaeids.Wholesale distributors cannot get adequate supply of bait shrimp certain times retailers are constrained to accept inaccurate counts and variable coats of wild bait, which they impart loose almost 30% in mortalities during the line of the day. Retailers cannot consistently provide the customer with the sought after size and ofttimes sell mixes. Fishermen are reliant on the seasonal migration, molting periods and life cycles of the natural population as such they cannot guarantee quality or volume.Shrimp spawn in April/May releasing eggs that move with the tides and currents into estuaries, where they spend their postlarval and juvenile stages before migrating back to deeper waters. put one over size shrimp are virtually impossible to harvest in June, July, and wonderful due to this natural life cycle and are in short supply September through December. It is the winter months January through April that suppliers, middlemans and retailers can experience marketable size bait shrimp. However, even during this time period, pull together of polished animals causes immediate stress and holding them in live haul tanks for long distance deliveries results in high mortalities.Enter the growth industry, Aquaculture, dedicated to providing consumers what they need healthy, quality seafood and aquatic products at market prices. The softness of the fishermen to provide year round live bait shrimp, there is a significant gap supplies. From this lack of product get out grow the combination of live bait shrimp and aquaculture be Bait, Inc.Live Bait, Inc. go out produce bait shrimp is at high densities in enclosed facilities equipped with multi-phase, recirculating systems. Bait size shrimp pull up stakes be cultured to three variable sizes, (8,10, and 12 grams) to provide the retailer with desired mixes. Bait shrimp production facilities, unlike shrimp boats, can be determined through out Florida in high value areas that support a large volume of recreational fishing and tourism. Live Bait, Inc. lead focus on providing existing market channels with high quality bait at market prices, in a consistent and reliable manner through out the year.The prototypal bait shrimp production facility is said to have been an offshoot of a Texas A&M wander development production systems for Gulf of Mexico endemic shrimp. The species of choice for this area are br receive shrimp (F. aztecus) and it is believed that the company, although small scale, Lone Star Fishery, is experiencing continued success. There is a tremendous interest amongst fishermen and in large quantities deale rs in developing culture systems for bait shrimp. However, once they realize the capital investment and risk involved, they become interested in purchasing from Live Bait, Inc.The market for live bait shrimp is continuing to grow, especially during the summer when local residents and tourists object inshore species. This year-round demand, unreliable supplies and high dollar value ensures a continued market for this commodity.Industry ParticipantsThere are several groups of industry participants, which must come together in put together for Live Bait, Inc. to function well.1.Wholesale Dealers. Everything begins and ends with this customer. Wholesale distributors have established marketing channels and will be buying directly from the production centers. Each production center must first identify the base of the wholesaler from which the high volume, high value business will be drawn. Their attitudes, needs and abilities must be the genesis of each decision in designing the size and location of production facilities.2.The Nuclear Breeding Center. For long-run sustainable production and the Florida Department of Aquacultures support and sanctions it is imperative that a breeding program for F. duorarum be established from the beginning. Experience has proven the necessity of SPF stocks in minimizing the incidents of diseases and animal stress from high density, mass production.3.. For Live Bait, Inc to produce, court-effective, quality bait shrimp it needs outstanding seedstock. Large numbers of seedstock at affordable prices will needed, on a weekly basis in order to maintain the sequential stocking required by multi-phase systems.4.Management/Production Team. This is the triangulation point where it all comes together. The team must identify the best locations design the most cost effective facilities and production systems, produce shrimp using state-of-the-science technologies to provide high quality bait shrimp available for daily pickup.Who are the individuals or groups that are likely customers of farm raised live bait shrimp? Fortunately, there are some marketing surveys that have been conducted Florida state agencies, the US Department of craft and Mariculture, Inc. that can provide some answers even in this new concept. The target market for Live Bait, Inc. is the wholesale dealer/distributor, who currently is supplied 100% by the bait shrimp fishery. presently, wholesale dealers either buy dockside from shrimpers and/or they use their own boats. As such they are located within close proximities of bait shrimping boats and not necessarily in the high value tourist areas. Each GLBs locations will develop its facility, production numbers, sizes and services around the target audience wholesalers. GLB will target several distinct groups1.Wholesalers, which fit the grassroots demographic characteristics of supplying retailers from great distances. These will be wholesalers who either buy dockside from shrimpers and/or they u se their own boats. As such they are located within close proximities of bait shrimping boats, which are in atomic number 23 major regions Hernando (Citrus, Hernando, Pasco, wastellas and Manatee) with 47% of total bait shrimp landings suffer Island (Lee County) with 33% of total bait shrimp landings, Biscayne Bay (Dade and Monroe Counties) with 18% of total bait shrimp landings and Jacksonville (Fernandina Beach) with 2% total bait shrimp landings. Wholesalers will truck live bait shrimp 220 miles from Homosassa to Naples or from Miami, which is 107 miles. Wholesalers from these regions supplying the North-Central East Coast, the Keys and Panhandle will be targeted.2.Wholesalers who supply retailers dealing in large volumes. For example marinas that sell 275,000 300,000 or more bait per day during the winter months and 65,000 80,000 per day during the summer months. Volume in these areas severely restricted due short supplies and distance from suppliers. Retailers claim they c ould sell up to 300% more, if the supply were available. Wholesalers supplying large marinas, high-end fishing piers located in metropolitan areas, and retail bait/tackle stores that promote popular sport fishing tournaments will be targeted.3.Wholesalers who supply high dollar bait to retailers located in areas support high value recreational/sport fishing and tourism. Wholesale prices for live bait vary considerably with location. For example prices in Pine Island will run $30/1,000 shrimp while in Marco Island and Naples, which is just south of Pine Island, will have prices up to $70/1,000. Wholesalers who supply retailers who are unbidden to pay the higher market price will be targeted.4. Wholesalers who are receptive of farm-raised bait and will promote the product among retailers. Currently, an sweep over majority of retailers accept the idea of farm-raised bait. Most are willing to pay between 50-100% above current prices for farm raised bait as long as the supply is consis tent and reliable. Wholesalers who are willing to promote our product, pay premium prices for premium farm raised bait shrimp will be targeted.5.Wholesalers who are either currently exporting to neighboring states, or who would like to export to other states. Florida Bait shrimp wholesalers export live bait nine months out of the year to different neighboring states. Currently they supply 60% of the Alabama Market, 20% of the South Carolina and 50% of the Georgia market. Wholesalers exporting to other states will be targeted.6.Bait Brokers dealing in frigid bait are currently importing small frozen shrimp that are severely damaged from outside the United States. The shrimp exotic species, which may or may not be infected with viral diseases. These brokers currently cannot meet the needs of their large contracts such as those with Wal-Mart and Publix. Process them, as most of the brokers also have processing plants.7.Wholesalers who are supplying retailers whose customers would pref er farm raised bait over wild bait for ecological and environmental reasons.These six indigenous target groups provide fertile ground for GLB to become a profitable operation within the first year of production. In fact, GLB will become the top producer of farm-raised bait for Florida and the entire southeast coastal corridors.Live Bait, Inc. production centers will be established in key locations through out Florida. The marinas, retail bait shops, bait and tackle shops within a thirty-mile radius will match the demographic target profile high volume, high market price, pro-farm raised bait, easy assess to interstate highways and are world supplied by wholesalers from great distances.A marketing survey conducted by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, billet of Seafood and Aquaculture Marketing has documented annual landings (harvests), volumes of bait sold by retailers, wholesale/retail prices, peak seasonal demands and months of supply shortages.Major harvesting areas are divided Hernando Regions (Citrus, Hernando, Pasco, Pinellas and Manatee) with 47% of total bait shrimp landings Pine Island (Lee County) with 33% of total bait shrimp landings, Biscayne Bay (Dade and Monroe Counties) with 18% of total bait shrimp landings and Jacksonville (Fernandina Beach) with 2% total bait shrimp landings.Annual Landings report to Floridas Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission by licensed bait shrimpers in 2000 was 2.46 million pounds (246 million bait size shrimp using a 100/1b count). This is 50% above the reported landings for 1991 of 1.23 million pounds 123 million bait size shrimp using a 100/lb count). Fishery managers feel the harvest numbers are under-reported on incite tickets. And since live bait shrimp is a cash industry sales are not accurately reported. Also not all shrimp caught as live bait is sold as live bait, there are high mortality rates associated with harvesting, holding and transporting. Larger shrimp will often be culled and sold as food. It is likely that the farm production needed to supply current markets will have to be 50% above reported landings to approximately 3.69 million pounds (369 million bait size shrimp using a 100/lb count).